四级阅读理解技巧讲解附真题分析

4 正确选项应与原文同义表达
5 诱惑手段：单词替换，因果颠倒，扩大范围，无中生有，以偏概全，张冠李戴

* 推理题
1 标志：infer, imply, suggest
2 应该每个选项都返回原文，找出出处
 明显：同义替换（逆否命题，正话反说，深层次）
 含蓄：主旨，段首句，全文末句（新），引用，强对比
3 与原文意思最接近，推理步骤最少的为正确答案
4 傻子原则：除了文章，把自己当成一个一无所知的傻子。（不利用自己的背景知识来做题）

* 主旨题
1 标志：mainly about; best title; purpose (文章的主题+作者写作手法或者态度)
2 确定文章主题
文章找主题句的方法
分类：单段式，多段式/ 顺承式，转折式
方法：单段顺承：全文首句
   单段转折：第二、三句
      多段顺承：首段前三句
      多段转折：首段末句，第二段首句，末段首句
四六级考试的特点：全文首句：有重要性概念（下定义，作结论）
      首段末句：强转折，设问句（问题不是主题，答案才是）
      段首句：vary, 判断句，suggest/show that
      层层推进：重复出现的词，引号，黑体字
3 叠加法：把每一段主题叠加在一起就是整篇文章的主题
4 三大原则：文章的中心词或其同义词必须出现
文章的任何细节不能出现
文章中未提及的信息不能出现
5 小心首末段陷阱

第四部分 阅读理解文章分类
*按题材来分：
1 社会科学：教育学，经济学，信息科学，电脑网络
2 自然科学：环境保护（每年考一篇），新能源的利用
3 人文科学：社会关系，风土人情，社会生活

*按体裁来分：
1 以议论文和说明文为主，排斥叙述文
2 三种文章基本框架结构
 叙述文：引子---先前---随后---总结
 说明文：引子---浅层次---深层次---总结
 议论文：主张---反主张

* 总结：
1 排斥叙述文，提示信息多，不便于命题
2 不选取专业性强的文章
3 与时事相关，但没有时效性
4 推荐杂志：读者文摘 www.rd.com; 听众 www.listener.co.nz

第五部分 真题分析
Passage 1
 Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America's energy future ? President Bush certainly thinks so . He has argued that tapping ANWR's  oil would help ease California's electricity  crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence . But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth . with the last government survey , conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels .
     The oil industry goes with the high end of the range , which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years . By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall（意外之财）in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费)and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all , advocates of drilling say , damage to the environment would be insignificant . " We' ve  never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice ." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan .
     Not so fast , say environmentalists . Sticking to the low end of government estimates , the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America's energy problems . And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits , because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases , environmental permits and regulatory review . As for ANWR's  impact on the California power crisis , environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output -and just 3% of the nation's .

21.  What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR ?
A) It will exhaust the nation's oil reserves .