名师丁晓钟六级辅导讲义

阅读必背核心词汇
aboard  prep./adv. 在(船、飞机、车)上，上(船、飞机、车)
aborted  a. 流产的，失败的
abuse  n./vt. ①滥用,妄用②虐待,伤害③辱骂,毁谤
account  n. ①记述,描述,报告②账,账户③解释,说明  vi. (for) ①说明…的原因  ②(在数量、比例上)占
acknowledge  vt. ①(公开)承认②告知收到,确认③对…表示感谢,鸣谢
acquaintance  n. ①相识的人,熟人②认识,翔实,了解
acquisitiveness  n. 贪得无厌
advance  vt. ①推进,增进,促进②提升,提前,提出③预付  vi. ①前进,进展②进步,高升,上涨  n. ①前进,进展,进步②上升,上涨③预付,借支,垫款  a. 遇险的,先行的
affirm  vt. ①断言,肯定②确认,证实  vi. ①证明,证实,明确表示(to)
agenda  n. 议事日程
agent  n. ①代理人，代理商，经纪人②政府特工人员，政府代表③动因，能因④剂
alienation  n. ①疏远②转让③精神错乱
amazingly  adv. 令人吃惊地, 惊人地
amendment  n. 改善，改正, 修订，修正
apparatus  n. ①器械,设备,仪器②机构,组织
appropriate  a. 适当的,恰如其分的  vt. ①私占,侵吞,挪用②拨出(款项等)供专用
argument  n. ①争论,争吵,辩论②理由,论据,论点③说理,论证
arrogant  a. 傲慢的，自大的
art  n. ①美术,艺术②技艺,技巧③[pl.]文科,人文科学
attach  vt. ①系,贴,连接②使依恋,使喜爱③认为有(重要性、责任等)④使附属
attain  vt. 达到,获得
attribute  vt. (与to连用)把…归因于,认为…系某人所为  n. 属性,特性
authority  n. ①权力,管辖权②[pl.]官方,当局③当权者,行政管理机构④权威,专家
ban  n. 禁止,禁令  vt. 禁止,查禁,取缔
beam  n. ①梁,桁条②(光线等的)道,束,柱③笑容,喜色  vi. 微笑,面露喜色  vt. 播送,定向发出
bill  n. ①账单 ②议案,法案 ③纸币,钞票,票据 ④清单,节目单 ⑤招贴,海报  vt. ①给…开账单②(用招贴、海报等)宣布,发布,通告③把…列成单子
blame  vt. 责备，谴责，把…归咎于(on, onto)  n. (过错、失败等的)责任，责备
blank  a. ①空白的,空着的②茫然的,无表情的  n. ①空白(处)②空白表格
blessing  n. 祝福,祈福
block  n. ①一排房屋，大楼②街区③大块(木料、冰等)④障碍(物)，堵塞(物)  vt. ①堵塞②阻碍，妨碍
candidate  n. ①申请求职者②投考者③候选人
catastrophe  n. 大灾难，大祸
cautious  a. 谨慎的，小心的
charge  n. ①价钱，费用②主管，掌管③指控④电荷，充电    vt. ①索(价)，收(费)②控告，指控③使充电，使装满  vi. ①索价，收费②进攻，冲锋
civilian  n. ①平民,老百姓(与军人相对而言)②(军队中的)文职人员③公务员,文官 a. 民间的,民用的
class  n. 班级，阶级，等级，种类  vt. 把…分类(或分等级)
classify  vt. 把…分类, 把…分级
climb  v./n. ①攀登,爬②上升,增长
clone  n. ①无性繁殖，克隆②复制品，翻版  v. (使)无性繁殖，克隆
coherent  a. ①条理清楚的，连贯的②一致的，协调的
coincidence  n. ①巧合,巧事②(意见、爱好的)一致,符合
coincident  a. 一致的,符合的,巧合的
combat  n. 战斗,斗争,格斗  v. 与…斗争,与…战斗
command  n. ①命令,指示②司令部③指挥,控制,掌握  vt. ①命令②指挥,掌握,控制③俯临,俯瞰④博得
commit  vt. ①犯(错误等),干(坏事等)②使(oneself)承担义务,承诺③把…托付给,将…置于(to)  ④调拨…供使用,拨出
commitment  n. ①承诺,允诺,保证②信奉,献身③承担的义务
compensate  v. 赔偿,补偿,酬劳
compensation  n. ①补偿,赔偿②补偿(或赔偿)的钱物
competitiveness  n. 竞争
conceive  vt. ①构思,构想出,认为②怀(胎)  vi. ①(常与of连用)构想出,设想②怀孕
confidential  a. ①秘密的，机密的②表示信任(或亲密)的，担任机密工作的
conserve  vt. 保存,保藏
constitute  vt. ①组成,构成②设立,任命
contract  n. 合同，契约  v. 订约，使缩短，感染
convene  v. 召集(会议),集会
coordinate  vt. 调节，协调  n.[pl] 坐标  a. 同等的，并列的
corporate  a. ①法人团体的,公司的②全体的,共同的
correlate  vt. 使相互关联  vi. 相关,关联(to, with)
count  vt. ①点…的数目,计算②把…算入③认为,看作  vi. ①数,计算②值得考虑,有重要意义    n. ①计数,总数②(控告的)一项罪状
counterpart  n. 与对方地位相当的人,与另一方所用相当的物
cover  vt. ①覆盖，掩盖②范围为③包括，涉及，适用于④报道，采访⑤掩护  n. 盖子，封面，掩蔽(物)
credit  n. ①信任，信用②信贷，赊欠③信誉，荣誉，声望④学分    vt. ①相信，信任②把…归于(to)③把…记入贷方
crime-free  a. 无犯罪的
critic  n. 批评家，评论家
cross-racial  a. 跨种族的
curriculum  n. 课程（复数形式：curriculums或curricula）
damage  n. ①损坏,损害②[pl.]损害赔偿(金)  vt. 损坏,损害
date  n. ①日期,日子②时期,年代③约会,约会的对象④枣椰    vt. ①给…注明日期②确定…的年代③和…约会  vi. ①(back to, from)源自,追溯到②过时,逐渐陈旧
dawn  n. ①黎明,拂晓②开端,起始  vi. ①破晓②开始,出现,显露
deadline  n. 最后期限，截止日期
decent  a. ①正派的,得体的②体面的,像样的,相当好的③宽厚的,大方的
decentralize  vt. 疏散，分散
deceptive  a. 欺骗性的
deem  vt. 认为,视为,相信
defect  n. 缺点,缺陷,毛病  vi. 变节,叛变
deficiency  n. ①缺乏,不足②缺点,缺陷
deny  vt. ①否认,否定②拒绝
depressed  a. ①沮丧的,压抑的②萧条的,不景气的③下降的,降低的
desperately  adv. 拼命地，绝望地
device  n. ①装置,设备,器械②手段,策略
diffuse  v. ①扩散,(使)弥漫②传播,散布  a. ①(文章等)冗场的,漫无边际的②弥漫的,散漫的
dimensional  a. ①空间的②...维的, ...度空间的③...次(元)的
discard  vt. 丢弃,抛弃
discriminate  v. ①区别,辨别,识别(between, from)②歧视,区别对待(against)
disgusting  a. 令人厌恶的,令人作呕的
disposable  a. ①可(任意)处理的②一次性的,用后即可丢弃的
distinction  n. ①区别，差别，特性②声望，显赫③荣誉，勋章
distinguish  v. 区分,辨别
diversity  n. 差异, 多样性
document  n. 文件,文档,文献,档案,公文  vt. 用文件(或文献等)证明,记载
domain  n. ①(活动、学问等的)领域，范围②领地，势力范围
dominant  a. 统治的，占优势的，突出的，显著的
dominate  vt.①在…中占首要地位②支配，统治，控制③高于，俯视  vi. 处于支配地位，拥有优势
downturn  n. 低迷时期
drive  n. ①驾驶,驱车旅行②车行道,路③运动④干劲,积极性  vt. ①驾驶,开动,用车送②将(钉、桩等)打入③驱,赶④迫使,驱使  vi. 驾驶,驾车
dully  adv. 迟钝地,单调乏味地
dwell  vi. ①[书面语]居住②沉湎于，老是想着，详细谈论(on)
dweller  n. 居住者,居民
element  n. 元素，成分，要素，元件，单元；[pl]基础，原理，纲要，自然力，(恶劣)天气
embed  vt. [常用被动式]①使埋入(或嵌入，插入)②使深留恼中
embody  vt. ①使具体化,具体表达,体现②概括,包括,收录
embrace  vt. ①拥抱②包括,包含③包围,环绕④采用,接受  vi. (互相)拥抱  n. ①拥抱②包围,环绕③热忱
emerge  vi. ①浮现，出现(from)②(问题等)发生，显露, (事实等)暴露
emit  vt. ①发射,发出②说出,表达③发表,发行(货币等)
endangered  a. 濒危的，
endeavor  n./vt. 努力，尽力
enforce  vt. ①实施，执行②强迫，迫使
engineer  n. 工程师  vt. ①设计,建造②策划
enrollment  n. 登记,注册,入会,入学,入伍
ensure  vt. 保证，担保，确保
envisage  vt. 想象,设想
epoch  n. 时期,时代
era  n. 时代,纪元
ethical  a. ①伦理的②(合乎职业)道德的③(药品)合乎规格的,凭处方出售的
ethnic  a. 种族的
evaluate  vt. 评估,评价
exhaust  vt. ①使筋疲力尽 ②用尽,花光,耗尽 ③详尽论述  n. ①排气装置②(排出的)废气,废液
expire  vi. ①期满，(期限)终止②断气，死亡
exploitation  n. ①开拓,开发,开采②剥削
facilitate  vt. [不以人作主语]①使容易,使不费力②促进,推进
factor  n. ①因素，要素②因子，因数 vt. ①包括，把…计算在内②对…作因式分解，分解…的因子
fare  n. ①(车、船、飞机等)费用②乘客，旅客③饮食物   vi. ①饮食  ②过日子，生活③[主语it]进展
fault  n. 过错，缺点，故障，毛病  vt. 挑剔，找…的缺点
feature  n. ①特征,特色②[pl.]面貌,相貌③特写,专题节目④故事片 vt. 突出,由…主演
fee  n. 费，酬金
fertile  a. ①肥沃的,富饶的②多产的,丰产的③(想象力或创造力)丰富的
fictional  a. 虚构的,编造的,小说式的
fierce  a. ①凶猛的，残酷的，好斗的②狂热的，强烈的③猛烈的，激烈的，狂暴的
finite  a. 有限的,有限制的,限定的
fit  n. ①适合，适当，合身②发作，痉挛  a. ①合适的，适当的②健康的，健壮的   vt. ①使适合，使适应，合…的身②安装，安放  vi. ①适合，合身②符合，适应(in with)
flawed  a. 有裂纹的，有瑕疵的，有缺陷的
flock  n. ①羊群,(鸟、兽等)一群,一伙人②一大批,众多,大量  vi. 群集,聚集,成群
fluctuate  vi. ①波动,涨落,起伏②(人)动摇
folk  n. ①[pl.]亲属,家人,父母②人们  a. 民间的
forge  vt. ①伪造(货币、文件等)，假冒②锻造，锤炼
foster  vt. ①收养,养育②鼓励,培养,促进  a. 养育的,收养的
fragile  a. ①易碎的,脆的,易损坏的②脆弱的,虚弱的
fraud  n. ①欺诈，诈骗②骗子
frustrate  vt. ①使沮丧，使灰心②挫败，使受挫折
fuel  n. 燃料  vt. ①给…加燃料②激起
fulfillment  n. 履行,实现,完成
fund  n. ①基金②[pl]资金，存款，现金  vt. 为…提供资金，给…拨款
gap  n. ①缺口，裂口②间隔，间隙③差距，不足，缺陷
generalization  n. ①一般化,普遍化,广义性②概括,归纳
generalize  v. ①(使)一般化,(使)普遍化②总结,概括,归纳③普及,推广
genuine  a. ①真的,非人造的②真诚的,真心的
gifted  a. 有天才的
gloomy  a. ①忧郁的,沮丧的②令人沮丧的,令人失望的③阴暗的,阴沉的
grant  n. 拨款，授予物  vt. 授予，准予，同意
ground  n. ①地,地面,土地②场地③根据,理由  vt. 建立,使打基础  vi. ①着陆,落地②搁浅
guilty  a. ①有罪的，犯罪的②内疚的，心虚的
harass  vt. ①使烦恼,骚扰②不断地侵扰、袭击
hazard  n. 危险,危害,公害  vt. 冒…的危险
hazardous  a. 危险的，冒险的，碰运气的
hinder  vt. 阻碍，妨碍
historical  a. 历史(上)的,有关历史的
hollow  a. ①空的,中空的,凹陷的②(声音)沉闷的③虚伪的,空虚的  n. 洼地,洞,穴
hostility  n. ①敌意,恶意②敌对,对抗③[pl.]敌对行动,战争状态
hypothesis  a. 假设,假说,前提
ideally  adv. 理想地,完美地
identify  vt. ①认出,识别,鉴别,验明②使等同于,认为一致(with)③认为与…有关系  vi. 认同(with)
illuminate  vt. ①照明，照亮②阐明，启发
immature  a. 不成熟的，未完全发育的
immigrant  n. 移民，侨民
implement  vt. 使生效，履行，实施  n. 工具，器具，用具
impressive  a. 给人深刻印象的,感人的,令人难忘的
inadequate  a. 不充分的,不适当的
inclination  n. ①倾斜，倾角②倾向，爱好
incomprehensible  a. 不能理解的,不可理喻的
incorporate  vt. ①合并,使并入②使组成公司③包含,加上,吸收
individualism  n. 个人主义,利己主义
industrialize  v. (使)工业化
inevitability  n. 必然性
ingenious  a. ①设计独特的,精巧的,巧妙的②灵巧的,有创造才能的
ingredient  n. ①(混合物的)组成部分,成份,(烹调的)原料②(构成)要素,因素
inhabitant  n. 居民,住户
initiative  n. ①主动性，首创精神②主动的行动，倡议③主动权
inspire  vt. ①吸(气)②鼓舞,激发③给…以灵感
instinct  n. ①本能,直觉②生性,天性
institute  v. 制定，创立，开始
institution  n. ①(教育、慈善等)社会公共机构②制度,习俗③设立,创立,制定
instruction  n. ①[常pl.]指示,用法说明②教学,教导
insurance  n. 保险，保险费
integral  a. 完整的,整体的,必不可少的,[数]积分的
integrity  n. ①正直,诚实②完整(性),完全
intellect  n. ①智力,智能,才智②智者
interaction  n. 相互作用,相互影响
invade  vt. ①侵入,侵略(别国)②侵害,侵犯(权益等)③(疾病等)侵袭④(游客等)涌入
ironically  adv. 说反话地,讽刺地
irresistible  a. 不可抗拒的
issue  n. ①(血、水等的)流出②发行,(报刊的)期、号③问题,争端④结果,结局  vt. ①发布,发行,出版②使流出,放出③发给  vi. 流出,发出
junction  n. 联结点,(道路等的)会合点,枢纽
late  a. ①迟的,晚(期)的②最近的,新近的③已故的,以前的  adv. 迟,晚
lawsuit  n. 诉讼
layer  n. 层,阶层,层次
legislation   n. ①法律,法规  ②立法,法律的制定(或通过)
legislator  n. 立法者
legitimate  a. ①合情合理的②合法的,法律认可的  vt. 使合法
lobby  n. ①(宾馆、剧院等的)大厅，休息室②院外活动集团  v. 向(议员等)进行游说
location  n. ①位置,场所②特定区域③(电影的)外景拍摄场地
logically  adv. 逻辑上,伦理上,符合逻辑地,合乎常理地
luxury  n. ①奢侈,华贵②奢侈品
maintain  vt. ①维持，保持②维修，保养③坚持，主张④赡养，负担
maneuver  n. ①机动(动作)②操纵,运用③花招,策略④[pl.]演习   vt. ①操纵,设法使…变动位置(into, out of)②调遣,使…演习  vi. ①机动,演习②用策略,耍花招
massive  a. ①大的,大而重的,大块的②大量的,大规模的
mechanism  n. ①机械装置②机制,机理③办法,途径
mess  n. 混乱状态，脏乱状态，混乱局面，困境  vt. 搞乱，弄糟，弄脏
migrate  vi. ①(候鸟等)迁徙,移栖②移居(尤指移居国外),迁移
mild  a. ①温和的,温柔的,和善的②温暖的,暖和的③轻微的,不严重的
mineral  n. 矿物,矿石,矿物质
miniature  n. 缩小的模型,缩图,缩影  a. 微型的,缩小的
minority  n. ①少数,少数派②少数民族
misconduct  n. ①不端行为②通奸③不善的管理  vt. 处置…不当,管理…不善
mixed  a. 混合的,混杂的
mobile  a. ①可移动的,运动的,活动的②流动的,机动的③多变的,易变的 n. 移动电话, 手机
mobility  n. ①活动性,流动性,机动性,能动性,灵活性②迁移率
modest  a. ①谦虚地,谦逊的②适中的,适度的,不太多的③羞怯的
momentum  n. ①动力,冲动,势头②动量
monitor  vt. 监听，监视，监测  n. ①监听器，监视器，监测器②(计算机)显示器③(学校的)班长
monstrous  a. 巨大的，怪异的
motivate  vt. 引起…的动机,激励,激发,启发,诱导
move  vt. ①移动,搬动,开动,推动②感动,鼓动③提议,动议④动摇,使改变主意  vi. ①动,移动,行动,前进②迁移,搬家③进展④动议,提议  n. ①动作,行动,步骤②移动,搬家,迁居③走棋
name  n. ①名字,名称,姓名②名声,名誉  vt. ①给…取名②叫出…的名字,指定③提名,委派
navigation  n. ①航行(学),航海(术),航空(术)②导航,领航
negligence  n. 疏忽
notion  n. ①概念，观念② 意图，想法
oblige  vt. ①迫使②施恩于,帮…的忙③使感激
observation  n. ①观察,观测②注意,监视③[常pl.]观测资料,观测数据④言论,意见
observe  vt. ①注意到,察觉到②观察,观测③评论,评说④遵守,奉行
obstacle  n. 障碍(物)，妨碍
odd  a. ①奇特的,古怪的②临时的,不固定的③单的,不成对的④奇数的,单数的⑤挂零的,剩余的   n. [pl.]可能性,机会
offspring  n. 子女，子孙，后代
oppose  v. 反对
opposite  prep./adv. 在(…)对面  a. ①对面的②相反的,对立的  n. 对立面,对立物
outdated  a. 过时的，不流行的
outdo  vt. 胜过，超越
outgrow  vt. (因年龄增长而)革除或放弃，过大而不适于，长得比…快(大)  vi. 生出，长出，突出
outweigh  vt. ①比…(在重量上)重,在重量上超过②比…(在重要性、影响上)重要,胜过
pack  v. ①捆扎，(把…)打包②(使)挤在一起，塞满  n. 包，小盒，包裹
paper  n. ①纸②报纸③[pl.]文件④论文⑤书面作业，试卷  a. 纸质的  vt. 裱糊
paradoxically  adv. 自相矛盾地,荒谬地
particular  a. ①特定的,某一种的②特殊的,特别的,特有的③(过分)讲究的,挑剔的④详细的,详尽的   n. [pl.]详情,细节
party  n. ①社交聚会②党,政党③一方,当事人,(parties 双方)
patch  n. ①补片,补丁②斑点,斑纹③一小块地④眼罩  vt. 补,修补
pattern  n. ①模式，式样②图案，花样  vt. 仿制，模仿
payoff  n. 回报，支付，偿还，发工资，成果，收效
peer  n. ①同龄人，同等地位的人②贵族  vi. 仔细看，凝视(at)
penetrate  vt. ①穿透,透过②渗透③看穿,识破,洞察  vi. 透入,渗入,深入(into)
pensioner  n. 领年金者,领养老金者,抚恤金领取者
pillar  n. ①柱,支柱②台柱,栋梁
plausible  a. 似是而非的,貌似有理的,似乎正确的
ponder  v. 思索,考虑,沉思
populate  vt. (使人民)居住(于), 使人口聚居于, 移民于, 殖民于
possess  vt. 占有,拥有
postpone  vt. 推迟，使延期
poverty  n. 贫穷,贫困
pregnant  a. 怀孕的，妊娠的
prescription  n. ①(开)处方,(开)药方②规定,指示③[法律]时效
present  a. ①出席的,到场的②现在的,目前的  n. ①现在,目前②礼物,赠品  vt. ①赠送,呈献②介绍,引见③提出,展现
prevalent  a. 普遍的,流行的
privatization  n. 私有化
procedure  n. 程序,手续,步骤
process  n. ①过程，进程②工序③法律程序  vt. 加工，处理，办理
proclaim  vt. ①宣告,宣布,声明②显示
program / programme  n. ①程序②计划,规划,大纲③节目,节目单  vt. 为…编制程序
proportionately  adv. 相称地,成比例地,均衡地
prosperous  a. 繁荣的
prototype  n. 原型
provided  conj. 假如,若是,倘若
question  n. ①问题②疑问,不确定③难题,需讨论(或考虑)的问题  vt. ①询问,审问②怀疑
raise  vt. ①举起, 提高,提升②建立,竖起③筹集,征集④唤起,引起,激起⑤提出⑥养育,饲养,种植   n. (工资、薪金的)提升,增加
rational  a. ①理性的,理智的②合理的
ray  n. 光线,射线
readiness  n. 准备就绪
reap  vt. ①收割，收获②获得，得到
rebound  n./vi.回弹
reception  n. ①招待会,欢迎会②接受,接纳③接待,迎接④(收音机、电视机等的)接受效果
recession  n. (经济的)衰退,衰退期
recover  vi. 恢复，痊愈  vt. ①寻回，收复，重新得到②使复原，使康复③挽回，弥补
recycle  vt. 回收利用，使再循环
refinement  n. 精致,精确,(言谈, 举止等的)文雅,精巧
refuse  vt. 拒绝，谢绝  n. 废物，垃圾
regulate  vt. ①管制，控制②调整，调节
reinforce  vt. 增强, 加强, 增援
release  vt./n. ①释放，排放②解除，解脱③放开，松开④发布，发行
repellent  a. ①排斥的,防…的②讨厌的,令人厌恶的
reputable  a. 有声望的,声誉好的,有名气的
resident  n. ①居民,定居者②住院医师  a. ①居住的,定居的②住院的,住校的,住在住所的
retailer  n. 零售商
revenge  n. 报仇,复仇  vt. 为…报仇
revenue  n. ①(尤指大宗的)收入，收益②(政府的)税收，岁入
reverse  vt. ①撤销,推翻②使位置颠倒,使互换位置③使反向,使倒转  vi. 反向,倒转  n. ①相反情况,对立面②反面,背面,后面③挫折,逆境  a. 相反的,反向的,倒转的
revive  v. (使)复苏，(使)恢复
reward  n. ①报答，奖赏②报酬，奖金  vt. 报答，酬谢，奖励
rigorous  a. ①严密的,缜密的②严格的,严厉的
ritual  n. ①(宗教等的)仪式②例行公事,老规矩  a. ①作为仪式一部分的②例行的
rot  v. (使)腐烂,(使)腐败  n. 腐烂,腐败
ruin  v. ①(使)毁灭,(使)毁坏②(使)破产  n. ①毁灭,毁坏②[pl.]废墟,遗迹
rural  a. 乡下的，田园的，乡村风味的，生活在农村的
sacrifice  n. ①牺牲,舍身②献祭,供奉③祭品  vt. ①牺牲,献出②献祭
salvation  n. ①拯救,解救②解救措施
scale  n. ①大小,规模②等级,级别③[pl.]天平,磅秤④比例(尺)⑤刻度,尺度   vt. ①攀登,(用梯子等)爬越②[与up或down连用]按比例增加或减少
scholastic  a. ①学校的，学校教育的②道学的，学究的  n. 经院学者
seasonal  a. ①季节的,季节性的②周期性的
self-evident  a. 不证自明的,不言而喻的
self-preservation  n. ①自我保护②自卫,自卫本能
severity  n. ①严厉,严肃,严格②严重,凛冽
shield  n. 防护物, 护罩, 盾；vt. (from) 保护, 防护
shrewdly  adv. 机灵地，敏锐地，精明地
simulate  vt. ①模仿,模拟②冒充,假装
sin  n. ①罪(恶),罪孽②[口语]罪过,失礼,无礼  vi. 犯罪,违反戒律,凡过失
skip  v. ①跳，蹦②跳过，略过，漏过③跳绳④跳槽，改行  n. 跳跃，轻跳
slice  n. ①薄片,切片②一份,部分  vt. 切(片)
slip  vi. ①滑动，滑倒，滑落②溜走③下降，跌落  vt. ①使滑动②摆脱，闪开③放过，放走④塞，放    n. ①滑，滑倒②过失，差错③片条，纸片
specialized  a. 专门的，专科的
speculative  a. ①思索的,臆测的②投机的
split  vi. 分裂，分离，裂开  vt. ①使分裂②劈开，撕裂③分担，分享  n. 分裂，裂口
spoil  vt. ①损坏,破坏②宠坏,溺爱  vi. (食物)变质  n. [pl.]战利品,掠夺物,赃物
spontaneously  adv. 自然地，自发地，本能地
spot  n. ①斑点,污点②地点,处所③少量  vt. ①点缀②玷污,把…弄脏③认出,发现
stall  n. ①货摊②[pl]正厅前座③(发动机)熄火，失速④小房间，小隔间   v. ①(使)熄火，(使)失速 ②(使)停止，停顿
stock  n. ①库存，现货②股票，股份  vt. 进货, 储备 a.常备的
strategic  a. 战略的，战略上的
strength  n. ①力, 力气②实力，力量③强度，浓度④强点，长处
stretch  vi. 伸展，延伸，延续  vt. ①拉长，拉紧，伸展②使倾注全力，使紧张 n. ①一段时间，一段路程，连绵的一片②伸展，延伸，延续
stubborn  a. ①顽固的，顽强的，倔强的②难对付的，难克服的
stumble  vi. ①绊(一下),绊倒②蹒跚③说话结结巴巴④偶然碰见,无意中发现(upon/on/across)
subject  n. ①主题,题目②学科,科目③(试验等的)对象④主语 a. ①受…支配的,取决于…的(to)②易遭…的(to)   vt. ①使服从(to)②使遭受(to)
subsequent  a. 随后的,后来的
substitute  n. 代用品,代替者  vt. 以…代替(for)  vi. 代替,代理
successive  a. 接连的，连续的
summit  n. ①顶点,最高峰②最高阶层  a. 最高级别的
superficial  a. 表面的,肤浅的,浅薄的
supplement  n. ①增补(物),补充(物)②增刊,副刊  vt. 增补,补充
surge  vi. ①(人群等)蜂拥而出②(感情等)洋溢,奔放③(波涛等)汹涌,奔腾  n. ①(感情等)洋溢,奔放②急剧上升,猛增③浪涛般汹涌澎湃
surpass  vt. 胜过,超越
swamp  n. 沼泽,湿地  vt. ①淹没②难道,压倒
tailor  n. 裁缝  vt. ①裁剪，缝制②使适应(特定需要)
temperament  n. 气质，性情，脾气
temperamentally  adv. ①出自本性地,本质地②喜怒无常地
tension  n. ①紧张,紧张状态②拉紧,绷紧③张力,拉力
tentative  a. 试验(性)的,试探(性)的
testify  vi. ①作证②(常与to连用)表明,证明  vt. 证明,证实,表明
tilt  v. ①(使)倾斜，(使)倾侧，(使)翘起②(用语言或文字)攻击，抨击  n. 倾斜，倾侧
touch  vt. ①触摸,碰到②触动,感动③接触,涉及  vi. 触摸,接触  n. ①接触,碰到②触觉③(完工前的)细小变动,润色④少许,一点
toxic  a. 有毒的,中毒的
track  n. ①路径，小道②跑道，径赛③轨道④轨迹，车辙，踪迹  vt. 追踪，跟踪
tragedy  n. 悲剧，惨案，灾难
trait  n. 特征, 特点, 特性
transaction  n. 交易，业务
transfer  vt. ①搬，转移②调动，转学③转让，过户 vi. ①迁移，转移②调动，转学③转车，换乘    n. ①转移，调动②转车，换乘
transform  vt. ①使改观,改革②变换,把…转换成
transmit  vt. ①播送,发射②传送,传递,传染
transparent  a. ①透明的②明显的,清楚的
trial  n. ①审讯,审判②试用,试验③讨厌的人或事物
triple  a. ①三部分的,三方的②三倍的,三重的  v. (使)增至三倍
tuition  n. ①学费②(某一学科的)教学，讲授，指导
tutor  n. ①[英](大学)指导教师,[美]助教②家庭教师③监护人   v. ①当(…的)指导教师,当(…的)家庭教师,辅导②监护
twin  n. 孪生儿之一，双胞胎之一  a. 孪生的，成对的
unalterably  adv. 不可改变地,坚定不移地
undercut  vt. ①切去…的下部②削(价),削弱(力量、地位等)
undesirable  a. 不合乎要求的, 不受欢迎的, 不良的
unmatched  a. 无敌的,无比的,不相配的
unorthodox  a. 非正统的,异教的,异端的
unprecedented  a. 空前的
unreservedly  adv. 毫无保留地，不客气地
variability  n. 可变性，易变性
vegetation  n. ①植被,植物,草木②(植物的)生长,呆板单调的生活
via  prep. 经由,经过,通过
victim  n. 牺牲品,受害者
virtue  n. ①美德,德行②优点,长处③效力,功效
visa  n. 签证
visible  a. ①看得见的,可见的,令人瞩目的②明显的,显然的③可得到的
visual  a. ①视觉的,看得见的②形象的,栩栩如生的
wastage  n. 浪费，损耗，废物
willful  a. 任性的，固执的，故意的
yield  vi. ①屈服，顺从(to)②倒塌，垮掉  vt. ①出产，生产②让出，放弃  n. 产量，收益
听力要点
 　　听力第一部分为10个对话题，在放录音之前，或者是试题间隔对题干信息进行分类。可以按照近义、反义、选项结构等对应关系进行分类，确定优先选择答案。另外，要通过名词、动词或形容词（尤其是重复出现的词）找选项中的信息点，把握可能的话题和问题，进行合理的预测。作题目时也要充分调动自己的文化背景知识来判断选项。
　　第二部分为三篇Passages或者是Compound Dictation。Passage的问题一般分为四类1) main idea; 2) factors(details); 3) inference; 4) attitude，出题方式和阅读理解一致。比如说因果关系句必考，形容词、副词最高级也是重点出题区。听录音时尽量看选项，在包含听到的内容的选项旁做记号，列为优先选择项。
同音异义词汇归纳
add ad / air err heir / allowed aloud / aisle I'll / altar alter / band banned / bare bear / berry bury / blew blue / board bored / brake  break / bread bred(breed) / capital capitol / career Korea / ceiling sealing / cell sell / cellar seller / cent sent scent / cereal serial / chews choose / cite sight site / clause claws / close clothes / coarse course / complement  compliment / correspondence correspondents / council counsel / crews cruise / cue queue / dam damn / dear deer / descendant descendent / desert dessert / do due / die dye / discreet discrete / disperse dispose / dissent descent / flee flea / flew flu / flour flower / foreword forward / franc frank / genes jeans / guessed guest / groan grown / Gym Jim / hair hare / hall haul / hay hey / heal heel he'll / He's his / hear here / heard herd / he'd heed / hi high / higher hire / hoarse horse / hole whole / hour our / idle idol / in inn / incidence incidents / knight night / know no / lead led / load lowed / loan lone / loose lose / made maid / mail male / main Maine / maize maze / Mary marry merry / meat meet / miner minor / missed mist / new knew / none nun / not knot / oar or / one won / pair pear / passed past / peace piece pierce / peak peek / plane plain / pole poll / pray prey / precedent president / principal principle / raise rays / read red / residence residents / role roll roar / roomer rumor / root route / sail sale / sea see seal / sees seize / seen scene / sew so sow / sheer shear / shoe sue show / soap soup / sole soul / soar sore / some sum / son sun / staff stuff / stationery stationary / stair stare / steel steal / steak stake / straight strait / suite sweet / sword soared / tail tale / there their / throne throw / toe tow / vary very / waist waste / weakened weekend / weather whether / weigh way / weight wait / war wore / wring ring / rite right write
Composition
写作过程
1、审题构思（5分钟）理顺思路、写出提纲。
2、书写（20分钟）注意简单句和复杂句要错开，注意句子之间连接词的使用。
3、修改（5分钟）主题是否正确，语法、拼写、标点错误。
作文列举常见理由
Achievement
Character
Communication
Convenience
Durance
Economical
Efficiency
Entertainment
Experience
Feeling
Health
Others
Safety
1.Opportunities and Challenges Presented by China's Entry into WTO
After years of painstaking efforts, China has successfully gained formal membership of the world trade organization, the largest international organization coordinating global trade and business operations. Undoubtedly, the future will see abundant opportunities as well as numerous challenges presented by China's accession to WTO.
In the first place, China's entry into WTO will greatly facilitate China's export because currently lots of China's products are denied access to some countries due to high tariffs and trade barriers.
But, in the meantime, our economy is bound to be faced with fierce competitions from industrialized and emerging countries. For instance, the "spoiled" telecommunications, banking and insurance industry will find themselves no longer protected by the government's policies, and they have to adjust themselves in many aspects in order not to suffer heavy losses.
In one word, we should grab the golden opportunities and embrace various challenges in the upcoming future.
2.Graduate Study or a Job
To step out into the society and find a proper job, or to pursue graduate study? It is really a dilemma when the alternatives are presented in front of you , especially for those seniors .
It is not uncommon that some active and ambitious students will not hesitate a moment to choose the former .They are eager to demonstrate their abilities and value . They hold in minds that a college education is enough and many achievers such as Bill Gates didn't finish his higher education.
As far as I'm concerned ,I believe that we have a lot of reasons to prefer the latter choice in such an era when knowledge is expanding at an incredible speed .The demands for us to promote both our knowledge and skill are becoming increasingly urgent . So we should keep exploring in the treasure house of knowledge to enrich ourselves and make us more adapted to the competitive society . Needless to say ,a graduate study is a wise choice . If we hurry into the society before we get well prepared , we will only find that our knowledge is so limited in this increasingly competitive society.
Keep on learning and you will never regret!
3.Advantages and Disadvantages of the Mobile Phone
With the rapid economic development, the mobile phone has found its way to campuses and a host of students take advantage of this wonderful gadget to communicate with each other. This phenomenon gives rise to this question: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the mobile phone?
It is widely believed that it greatly facilitate students' campus life. Many instances could be found to support this type of opinion. A graduating student in our university bought a mobile phone in the course of find his job. He told me that through the mobile phone he could easily keep in touch with the employer of the company he intends to work with and would not miss any opportunities.
However, as the old saying goes, "Every coin has two sides", the mobile phone also has many disadvantages. For instance, the ringing of the mobile phone often disturbs the teacher's teaching and other students' learning.
Personally, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh the disadvantages of it as long as we don't interfere with others while using it.
4.Salary or Interest
Upon graduation, many college students are confronted with the problem of the career choice. It is truly a tough choice. Students' opinions differ greatly in this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to the interest in one's job, but others take the opposing view and they claim that salary is the most critical factor in their career choices.
As to myself, I prefer the former view. A well-paid job exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. Although it might be impossible to measure the value of one's job in terms of money, salary counts most when I choose my future career. In my opinion, our career choices largely depends on how and where we have been brought up. I come from a poor urban family and my parents were both laid-off workers. In order to finance my tuition, they have been working hard for the past four years. As the only son in my family, I have to shoulder the responsibility of supporting my family.
In short, salary is the first and only consideration in my choice of career.
书信写作 -- 书信的类型
1. A Letter of Complaint ( Product / Service / Noise )
I'm writing to complain about ......
I write to express my concern / dissatisfaction about ......
I'd like to express my disappointment about ......
I will appreciate anything you can do to help me.
I trust you will take my complaints seriously ......
I would, however, be perfectly satisfied if you would kindly replace the item or refund my money, whichever is more convenient.
2. A Letter of Suggestion
I'm writing in reply to ......
I write with suggestions about ......
I'd like to express my views on ......
Your service is excellent, however ......
I'd like to see more improvements in your service.
I feel that it would be beneficial if ......
I'd like to suggest that ......
I trust you'll consider my suggestions carefully.
I hope you will find my suggestions useful.
3. A Letter of Application
I' m writing in response to your advertisement in Shanghai Daily of June 7.
Your advertisement for a news reporter in today's People's Daily interested me.
I'd like to apply for the position of operator you advertised in ......
I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed in the Xinmin Evening for a programmer.
I have rich experience in sales fields.
I have enclosed my resume that outlines in detail my qualifications and experience.
I'm quite content with my present job; however, I have to leave to further my career.
Due to economic adversity, I have to leave my present job.
Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be very grateful.
4. A Letter Asking For Information
I'm writing for information about ......
I'd like to receive ......
I would like to receive information regarding......
I would like to request materials for ......
I would like to know ......
If you could send me information regarding ......, I'd be most grateful.
I should be very grateful if you could let me have information about ......
I should be most grateful to you if you would kindly send me the details of ......
I shall appreciate the information about ......
5. A Letter To A Friend
I am writing to ......
I thought you'd like to know ......
How would you like to ......
Have a wonderful time.
You must come to visit me this summer.
Please remember me to your family.
I am looking forward to meeting your family.
I regret bitterly that I cannot accept your invitation.
Please write soon, and let me know what time I can find you at home.
Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come?
4.
Dec. 28th , 2002
Human Resources Manager
Lianchuang Software Company
Dear Sir,
Your advertisement for a network programmer on Talents Plaza of Dec. 26 interested me because your requirements closely parallel my work experience.
You will find enclosed a resume of my education record and business experience together with 2 copies of references. Honestly, I have proficient computer skills and I hold College English Test Band 4 certificate and law school certificate ( self-taught)
My chief reason for applying is to seek greater opportunity for advancement in a transnational, well respected corporation as yours.
Mr. David Williams of your company, Nanjing Branch knows me quite well and would provide further information about my qualification and suitability later this week.
Thank you for your attention and consideration. I appreciate a personal interview soon.
Truly yours,
5.
Dec. 28, 2002
Dear Huang,
You have asked me for my advice concerning whether you should find a decent job or pursue graduate study after graduation, and I will try to make some useful suggestions.
It is really a dilemma for all of us when faced with such alternatives. True, attending graduate school has become a trend in recent years. I would recommend that you further your study. I believe(I am fully convinced) that you have every reason to make this decision in such an era when knowledge is expanding at an incredible speed and the demands for us to enrich both our knowledge and survival skills in this competitive society are becoming increasingly urgent. There is no doubt that you could sharpen your competitive edge by making this wise choice. Keep on learning and you will never regret.
With best wishes!
Sincerely yours
Frank( 141 words )
6.
Dec. 28, 2002
Dear Xie,
You mentioned in your last letter that you are considering furthering your study abroad and wondering if this is a step worth taking. In my view, you should look at both sides of the coin before making up your mind.
Nowadays, the prospect of attending school abroad exerts a tremendous fascination upon an army of Chinese students. ( There is a growing popularity...) Needless to say, there are a lot of advantages to studying abroad. But, I am afraid, far too many make hasty decisions in this matter. They are ill prepared for the problems they may encounter in the host country, such as the language barrier, lack of understanding of the customs, the cost of living and so on. So some constantly run into troubles and even have to halt their study. You must keep in mind that you may also face tough problems like your peers.
With best regards,
Truly yours,
Frank( 157 words )
7. There is a conference going to be held at your local university that you would like to attend.Write a letter to the organizer of the conference. Explain your reasons for wanting to attend. Give some information about yourself and ask for any relevant information.
Dear Professor Huang,
I write for information regarding the forthcoming International Education Conference to be held at your university.
I am about to complete a B.A. degree in Education from Nanjing University, and have a particular interest in the teaching of work place skills and employer's perceptions of new graduates.
I plan to attend the conference and would like information about the contributory speakers, the content of their talks, and their research interests. However, although I have been living in Nanjing for the past four years I am unfamiliar with Nanjing. Therefore, if you could please also send the details of how to get to your university it would make my arrangements much easier.
In addition, if you could let me have details of the accommodation that is available ( bearing in mind I'm still a student ) I would be more than grateful.
I look forward to receiving the information and meeting you in person.
Sincerely yours,
Frank
8.
Dear John,
You have asked me for my advise concerning whether you should study math or computer science at university, and I will try to make some useful suggestions.
You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career. Therefore, your first consideration should be to study a subject which will best equip you to earn a living. There is no doubt that the field of computers offers far wider job opportunities than math.
Besides, we are now in the age of high-technology revolution. For the foreseeable future, not only will it be necessary for everyone to be computer-literate, it will also be necessary for them to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living! Math, I am afraid, however fascinating it maybe, offers few career prospects.
Of course, you don't have to devote all your time at university to studying computers and nothing else. On the contrary, I would recommend that you keep up your studying of Math in your spare time. That way, you will find that your leisure hours are enriched while you prepare yourself for a worthwhile career in computers.
Yours sincerely,
9.
Overseas Investment in Chinese Mainland
The overseas investment in China has been , as the graph indicates, increasing from 1992 till now. The 1992 total investment saw only a little more than 10 billion US dollars while by 1997 the investment soared to more than 40.5 billion US dollars, the first quarter of 1998 has achieved nearly 10 billion dollars in spite of last year's Asian financial crisis. On the whole, the investment from abroad in the past seven years experienced a steady and constant development.
Among all the investment, money from Hong Kong and Macao made up the biggest share, as high as 47.8 percent. This is mainly due to the safe return of Hong Kong to the mainland and its stable and exuberant economy after the handovers, especially amid the financial turmoil, which have strongly boosted foreign investors confidence. Another noticeable share came from Taiwan. The improved relationship across the Taiwan Straits has considerably pushed forward the mainland foreign inflows. In addition, the United States and Japan are also expanding their investment in China with 7.2 percent and 9.6 percent respectively.
In order to absorb more investment from abroad, we must continue to improve our investment environment. Besides speeding up the approval procedure for foreign investment ventures and attaching greater importance to investment promotion activities such as trade and investment fairs, we should help foreign invested ventures to solve problems. Now since our government increases investment in infrastructure, there will be abundant opportunities for foreign investors.
10.
Jan.8 2004
Dear Mr. Annan,
I am a college student from China, majoring in International Politics. I am honored to write to you to express my view on world peace.
In this ever-changing society, peace and development are the two permanent themes. People from around the world cherish a peaceful co-existence. However, we regret to find that world peace is in a worsening situation. Regional conflicts, miniature wars, aggressive wars and ethnic cleansing are nothing new, if not everyday occurrences. Global powers, such as the U.S., are destroying people's faith in peace for economic or nationalistic reasons. If this undesirable trend could not be reversed, our global village, in my view, would be ruined sooner or later.
The United Nations, which is an international body coordinating a wide range of affairs, should take a leading role in bringing us a peaceful planet. I was hoping the UN, under your guidance, could do more to make our common dream - world peace - come true in the not too distant future.
Best wishes,
Respectfully yours
Zhang Ying (174 words )
11.
Dear Xiaotong,
Glad to receive your mail but sorry to hear that you failed in exams of some compulsory courses. You mentioned in your letter that "I have been losing sleep over this and this is a major setback in my college days".
In my view, it serves you right. After all, as a student, studying should be on top of your agenda. Although you have made a fortune and lighten your parents' load through doing part-jobs, you missed the golden opportunity of learning. I would like to make some suggestions for you. You should strike / achieve / keep a balance between studying and extracurricular activities. So now you should drop some of the jobs you are taking and give top priority to your main task. Keep in mind that over time your priority will change. After stepping out of the Ivory Tower, you could moonlight at will.