2004年职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题及答案

第5部分：补全短文  (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

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Why Would They Falsely Confess?
    Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most

 
people，it just doesn’t seem logical．But it is logical，say expels，if you understand what Call happen in a police interrogation(审讯)room．

Under t11e right conditions，people’s minds are susceptible(易受影响的)to influence，and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盘问)is enormous．       (46)“The

pressure is important to understand．because otherwise it’s impossible to understand why

someone would say he did something he didn’t do．The answer is：to put an end to an

uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess．’’

Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory

determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn’t do．

study to        (47)The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the ‘‘alt’’ key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.

   Redlich’s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess：59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed       (48)Of

the 1 5-to 1 6-year-olds，72 percent signed confessions，as did 78 percent of the 1 2-to

13-year-olds．

  “There’s no question that young people are more at risk，”says Saul Kassin，Professor at Williams College，who has done similar studies with similar results.        (49)

a psychology

  Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire ‘‘interrogation” in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation--not hours of aggressive questioning--and still，most participants falsely confessed．

    Because of the stress of a police interrogation，they conclude，suspects can become

convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation．        (50)

 A In her experiment．participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the “alt'’ key，because doing SO would crash the systems．

B “In some ways，”says Kassin，“false confession becomes a rational decision．’’

C  ‘‘It’s a little like somebody’s working on them with a dental(牙齿的)drill，”says Franklin Zimring，a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

D “But adults are highly vulnerable too．’’

E How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn’t do?

F Redlich also found that the younger the participant，the more likely a false confession.

第6部分：完形填空  (第5~65题，每题1分，共15分)

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Less Is More

     It sounds all wrong--drilling holes in a piece of wood to make it more resistant to knocks．But it works because the energy from the blow gets distributed throughout the wood rather than focusing on one weak spot．The discovery should lead to more effective and lighter packaging materials.

 
Carpenters have known       (51)centuries that some woods are tougher than others．Hickory(山核桃木)，for example，was turned into axe handles and cartwheel spokes(轮辐)because it Can absorb shocks without breaking．White oak，for example，is much more easily damaged，        (52)it is almost as dense．Julian Vincent at Bathe University and his team were convinced the wood’s internal structure could explain the differences．

     Many trees have tubular(管的)vessels that run       (53)the trunk and carry water to the leaves．In oak they are large，and arranged in narrow bands，but in hickory they are smaller，and more evenly distributed．The researchers       (54)this layout might distribute a blow’s energy throughout the wood．soaking up a bigger hit．To test the idea，they drilled holes 0.65 millimetres across into a block of spruce(云杉)，a wood with       (55)vessels，and found that      (56)withstood a harder knock．       (57)when there were more than about 30 holes per square centimetre did the wood’s performance drop off．

    A uniform substance doesn’t cope well with knocks because only a small proportion of the material is actually      (58)．All the energy from the blow goes towards breaking thematerial in one or two places，but often the pieces left      (59)are pristine(未经破坏的)．

    But instead of the energy being concentrated in one place，the holes provide many weakspots that all absorb energy as they break，says Vincent．“You are controlling the places       (60)the wood breaks，and it can then absorb more      (61)，more safely．”The researchers believe the principle could be applied to any material-       (62)example．to manufacture lighter and more protective packaging．It could        (63)be used in Car bumpers，crash barriers and armour for military vehicles，says Ulrike Wegst，       (64)the Max Plank Institute for Mental Research in Stuttgart．But she emphasizes that you       (65)to design the substance with the direction of force in mind．“The direction of loading is crucial，”she says．

51   A  in          B   since           C   for          D   at

52   A  or          B   although        C   and          D   despite

53   A  down          B   over           C   up          D   into

54   A  knew          B   concluded      C   saw         D   thought

55   A  no            B   per            C   each        D   every

56   A  it            B   the idea       C   they        D   spruce

57   A  if            B   Just           C   Only        D   Rarely

58   A  effected      B   beaten         C   slapped     D   affected

59   A  behind        B   beyond         C   for         D   in

60   A  which         B   there          C   that        D   where

61   A  water         B   air            C   energy      D   safety

62   A  among         B   in             C   as          D   for

63   A  also          B   besides        C   else        D   yet

64   A  over          B   at             C   around      D   on

65   A  have          B   must           C   should      D   had